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Articles: Government
- Quotes from
Thomas Jefferson
Every once in a great while, a someone
comes along who is so wise that they cannot be ignored. We were
fortunate to have someone like this at the construction of our
country. Many of us have forgotten or never learned his invaluable
words which makes them all that much more worthwhile repeating. Read
and learn or read and remember. As you read, realize that much of
what he feared and spoke out against has come to pass in our
country.
The
central bank is an institution of the most deadly hostility existing
against the Principles and form of our Constitution. I am an Enemy
to all banks discounting bills or notes for anything but Coin. If
the American People allow private banks to control the issuance of
their currency, first by inflation and then by deflation, the banks
and corporations that will grow up around them will deprive the
People of all their Property until their Children will wake up
homeless on the continent their Fathers
conquered.
The true foundation of republican government is the equal
right of every citizen in his person and property and in their
management.
All,
too, will bear in mind this sacred principle, that though the will
of the majority is in all cases to prevail, that will, to be
rightful, must be reasonable; that the minority possess their equal
rights, which equal laws must protect, and to violate which would be
oppression.
The Constitution of most of our
states (and of the United States) assert that all power is inherent
in the people; that they may exercise it by themselves; that it is
their right and duty to be at all times armed and that they are
entitled to freedom of person, freedom of religion, freedom of
property, and freedom of press.
Certainly one of the highest duties of the citizen is a
scrupulous obedience to the laws of the nation. But it is not the
highest duty.
It is error alone which needs the support of government.
Truth can stand by itself.
If a
nation expects to be ignorant and free, in a state of civilization,
it expects what never was and never will be.
We
are firmly convinced, and we act on that conviction, that with
nations as with individuals, our interests soundly calculated will
ever be found inseparable from our moral duties.
The
will of the people is the only legitimate foundation of any
government, and to protect its free expression should be our first
object.
I
have no fear but that the result of our experiment will be that men
may be trusted to govern themselves without a master. Could the
contrary of this be proved I should conclude either that there is no
God, or that He is a malevolent Being.
With
all the imperfections of our present government, it is without
comparison the best existing, or that ever did exist.
If we
can prevent the government from wasting the labors of the people
under the pretense of taking care of them, they must become happy.
We
are not afraid to follow truth wherever it may lead, nor to tolerate
any error so long as reason is left free to combat it.
No
free man shall ever be debarred the use of arms. The strongest
reason for the people to retain the right to keep and bear arms is,
as a last resort, to protect themselves against tyranny in
government.
The
laws that forbid the carrying of arms are laws of such nature. They
disarm only those who are neither inclined nor determined to commit
crimes... such laws serve rather to encourage than to prevent
homocides, for an unarmed man may be attacked with greater
confidence than an armed man. ('Commonplace Book' 1775)
Truth
is certainly a branch of morality and a very important one to
society.
It is
strangely absurd to suppose that a million of human beings,
collected together, are not under the same moral laws which bind
each of them separately.
Bonaparte was a lion in the field only. In civil life, a
cold-blooded, calculating, unprincipled usurper, without a virtue;
no statesman, knowing nothing of commerce, political economy, or
civil government, and supplying ignorance by bold presumption.
Every
citizen should be a soldier. This was the case with the Greeks and
Romans, and must be that of every free state.
That
government is best which governs least.
Were
we directed from Washington when to sow and when to reap, we should
soon want bread.
The
ground of liberty is to be gained by inches, and we must be
contented to secure what we can get from time to time and eternally
press forward for what is yet to get. It takes time to persuade men
to do even what is for their own good.
The
god who gave us life, gave us liberty at the same time: the hand of
force may destroy, but cannot disjoin them.
I
would rather be exposed to the inconveniences attending too much
liberty than to those attending too small a degree of it.
What
country can preserve its liberties if its rulers are not warned from
time to time that their people preserve the spirit of resistance?
Of
liberty I would say that, in the whole plenitude of its extent, it
is unobstructed action according to our will. But rightful liberty
is unobstructed action according to our will within limits drawn
around us by the equal rights of others. I do not add 'within the
limits of the law,' because law is often but the tyrant's will, and
always so when it violates the right of an individual.
The
new Constitution has secured these [individual rights] in the
Executive and Legislative departments; but not in the Judiciary. It
should have established trials by the people themselves, that is to
say, by jury.
The
Judiciary of the United States is the subtle corps of sappers and
miners constantly working under ground to undermine the foundations
of our confederated fabric.
...the Federal Judiciary; an irresponsible body (for
impeachment is scarcely a scarecrow), working like gravity by night
and by day, gaining a little today and a little tomorrow, and
advancing its noiseless step like a thief, over the field of
jurisdiction, until all shall be usurped from the States, and the
government of all be consolidated into one. When all government...
in little as in great things, shall be drawn to Washington as the
centre of all power, it will render powerless the checks provided of
one government on another and will become as venal and oppressive as
the government from which we separated.
The
opinion which gives to the judges the right to decide what laws are
constitutional and what not, not only for themselves in their own
sphere of action, but for the legislative and executive also in
their spheres, would make the judiciary a despotic branch.
Let
this be the distinctive mark of an American that in cases of
commotion, he enlists himself under no man's banner, inquires for no
man's name, but repairs to the standard of the laws. Do this, and
you need never fear anarchy or tyranny. Your government will be
perpetual.
No
man has a natural right to commit aggression on the equal rights of
another, and this is all from which the laws ought to restrain him.
Laws
are made for men of ordinary understanding and should, therefore, be
construed by the ordinary rules of common sense. Their meaning is
not to be sought for in metaphysical subtleties which may make
anything mean everything or nothing at pleasure.
It is
more dangerous that even a guilty person should be punished without
the forms of law than that he should escape.
Enlighten the people generally, and tyranny and oppressions
of body and mind will vanish like spirits at the dawn of day.
The
legitimate powers of government extend to such acts only as are
injurious to others. But it does me no injury for my neighbor to say
there are twenty gods, or no God. It neither picks my pocket nor
breaks my leg.
I am
not a friend to a very energetic government. It is always
oppressive.
I
hold it, that a little rebellion, now and then, is a good thing, and
as necessary in the political world as storms in the physical.
It
should be remembered as an axiom of eternal truth in politics, that
whatever power in any government is independent, is absolute also;
in theory only at first while the spirit of the people is up, but in
practice as fast as that relaxes.
Difference of opinion leads to enquiry, and enquiry to truth.
The
concentrating of powers in the same hands is precisely the
definition of despotic government. It will be no alleviation that
these powers will be exercised by a plurality of hands, and not by a
single one.
Power
is not alluring to pure minds.
In
matters of power let no more be heard of the confidence in man but
bind them down from mischief by the chains of the constitution.
The
republican is the only form of government which is not eternally at
open or secret war with the rights of mankind.
Thank
you for your interest in the history of the greatest nation that has
defended freedom for the entire world. There are so many people that
feel a one world government is the savior of the human race. This
goverment.
The
spirit of resistance to government is so valuable on certain
occasions that I wish it to be always kept alive. It will often be
exercised when wrong, but better so than not to be exercised at all.
Merchants have no country. The mere spot they stand on does
not constitute so strong an attachment as that from which they draw
their gains.
The
glow of one warm thought is to me worth more than money.
Never
spend your money before you have it.
Nothing gives a person so much advantage over another as to
remain always cool and unruffled under all circumstances.
Shake
off all the fears of servile prejudices, under which weak minds are
serviley crouched. Fix reason firmly in her seat, and call on her
tribunal for every fact, every opinion. Question with boldness even
the existence of a God, because, if there be one, he must more
approve of the homage of reason than that of blind faith.
With
respect to our state and federal governments, I do not thing their
relations correctly understood by foreigners. They generally suppose
the former subordinate to the latter. But this is not the case. They
are co-ordinate departments of one simple and integral whole. To the
state governments are reserved all legislation administration, in
affairs which concern their own citizens only; and to the federal
government is given whatever concerns foreigners and citizens of
other states; these functions alone being made federal. The one is
the domestic, the other the foreign branch of the same government -
neither having control over the other, but within its own
department.
Does
the government fear us? Or do we fear the government? When the
people fear the government, tyranny has found victory. The federal
government is our servant, not our master!
When
governments fear people, there is liberty. When the people fear the
government, there is tyranny.
Life
is of no value but as it brings us gratifications. Among the most
valuable of these is rational society. It informs the mind, sweetens
the temper, cheers our spirits, and promotes health.
Bodily decay is gloomy in prospect, but of all human
contemplations the most abhorrent is body without mind.
What
signify a few lives lost in a century or two? The tree of liberty
must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and
tyrants. It is its natural manure.
Liberty is the great parent of science and of virtue; and a
nation will be great in both in proportion as it is free.
Timid
men prefer the calm of despotism to the tempestuous sea of liberty.
The
natural progress of things is for liberty to yield and government to
gain ground.
Resistance to tyrants is obedience to God.
Question with boldness even the existence of a God; because,
if there be one, he must more approve of the homage of reason, then
that of blindfolded fear.
Peace
and friendship with all mankind is our wisest policy, and I wish we
may be permitted to pursue it.
Unlike those nations whose rulers use their country's
resources to seek conquests, to carry on warring contests with one
another, and consequently plunge their people into debt and
devastation, free societies are organized for the happiness and
prosperity of their people, and this is best pursued in a state of
peace.
The
spirit of monarchy is war and enlargement of domain: peace and
moderation are the spirit of a republic. (copied into his
Commonplace Book)
...judges should be withdrawn from the bench whose erroneous
biases are leading us to dissolution. It may, indeed, injure them in
fame or fortune; but it saves the Republic...
Banking establishments are more dangerous than standing
armies.
Mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are
sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to
which they are accustomed.
If we
run into such debts as that we must be taxed in our meat and in our
drink, in our necessaries and our comforts, in our labors and our
amusements, for our callings and our creeds, as the people of
England are, our people, like them, must come to labor sixteen hours
in the twenty-four, and give the earnings of fifteen of these to the
government for their debts and daily expenses; And the sixteen being
insufficient to afford us bread, we must live, as they do now, on
oatmeal and potatoes, have no time to think, no means of calling the
mismanagers to account; But be glad to obtain subsistence by hiring
ourselves to rivet their chains around the necks of our fellow
sufferers; And this is the tendency of all human governments. A
departure from principle in one instance becomes a precedent for a
second, that second for a third, and so on 'til the bulk of society
is reduced to mere automatons of misery, to have no sensibilities
left but for sinning and suffering...and the forehorse of this
frightful team is public debt. Taxation follows that, and in its
train wretchedness and oppression.
The
accounts of the United States ought to be, and may be made, as
simple as those of a common farmer, and capable of being understood
by common farmers.
Free
government is founded in jealousy, and not in confidence; it is
jealousy and not confidence, which prescribes limited constitutions,
to bind down those whom we are obliged to trust with power.
Pride
costs more than hunger, thirst and cold.
Honesty is the first chapter of the book of wisdom.
We
confide in our strength, without boasting of it; we respect that of
others, without fearing it.
I
have never been able to conceive how any rational being could
propose happiness to himself from the exercise of power over others.
Nothing...is unchangeable but the inherent and unalienable
rights of man.
A
Bill of Rights is what the people are entitled to against every
government on earth, general or particular; and what no just
government should refuse, or rest on inferences.
Take
not from the mouth of labor the bread it has earned.
Our
greatest happiness does not depend on the condition of life in which
chance has placed us, but is always the result of a good conscience,
good health, occupation and freedom in all just pursuits.
Leave
all the afternoon for exercise and recreation, which are as
necessary as reading. I will rather say more necessary because
health is worth more than learning.
This
should be a man's attitude: 'Few things will disturb him at all;
nothing will disturb him much.'
Nothing can stop the man with the right mental attitude from
achieving his goal; nothing on earth can help the man with the wrong
mental attitude.
I'm a
great believer in luck, and I find the harder I work the more I have
of it.
Though written constitutions may be violated in moments of
passion or delusion, yet they furnish a text that those who are
watchful may again rally and recall the people.
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