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Homeopathy
The term homeopathy comes
from the Greek words homeo, meaning similar, and
pathos, meaning suffering or disease. Homeopathy seeks to
stimulate the body's ability to heal itself by giving very small
doses of highly diluted substances. Homeopathy, also
known as homeopathic medicine, is a whole medical system that was
developed in Germany more than 200 years ago and has been practiced
in the United States since the early 19th century. Homeopathy is
used for wellness and prevention and to treat many diseases and
conditions.
The principle of
similars (or "like cures like") is a central homeopathic principle
that can be traced back to Hippocrates. It means that a disease
can be cured by a substance that produces similar symptoms. Most
analyses have concluded that there is little evidence to support
homeopathy as an effective treatment for any specific condition;
although, some studies have reported positive findings. There are
challenges in studying homeopathy and controversies regarding the
field, largely because a number of its key concepts are not
consistent with the current understanding of science, particularly
chemistry and physics and there is limited research on the safety of
homeopathic treatments.
The
principle of dilutions states that the lower the dose
of the medication, the greater its effectiveness. In
homeopathy, substances are diluted in a stepwise fashion and shaken
vigorously between each dilution. This process, referred to as
"potentization, is believed to transmit some form of information or
energy from the original substance to the final diluted remedy. Most
homeopathic remedies are so dilute that no molecules of the healing
substance remain. However, in homeopathy, it is believed that the
substance has left its imprint or "essence," which stimulates the
body to heal itself.
Homeopaths treat people based on genetic and personal
health history, body type, and current physical, emotional, and
mental symptoms with natural substances taken from plants, minerals,
or animals. Treatments are individualized or tailored to each
person and it is not uncommon for different people with the same
condition to receive different treatments. People use homeopathy for
a range of health concerns, from wellness and prevention, to the
treatment of diseases and conditions such as allergies, asthma,
chronic fatigue syndrome, depression, digestive disorders, ear
infections, headaches, and skin rashes. According to the 2007
National Health Interview Survey, which included a comprehensive
survey of complementary and alternative medicine use by
Americans, an estimated 3.9 million U.S. adults and approximately
900,000 children used homeopathy in the previous
year.
Homeopathic remedies are prepared according to the
guidelines of the Homeopathic Pharmacopeia of the United
States (HPUS) and are regulated in the same manner as
nonprescription, over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. However,
because homeopathic products contain little or no active
ingredients, they do not have to undergo the same safety and
efficacy testing as prescription and new OTC drugs. The FDA does
require that homeopathic remedies meet certain legal standards for
strength, purity, and packaging. The labels on the remedies must
include at least one major indication or medical problem to be
treated), a list of ingredients, the dilution, and safety
instructions. In addition, if a homeopathic remedy claims to treat a
serious disease such as cancer, it has to be sold by
prescription.
Analyses
of the research on homeopathy have concluded that there is little
evidence to support homeopathy as an effective treatment for any
specific condition, and that many of the studies have been flawed.
However, there are some individual observational studies, randomized
placebo-controlled trials, and laboratory research that report
positive effects or unique physical and chemical properties of
homeopathic remedies.
A
systematic review found that homeopathic remedies in high dilution,
taken under the supervision of trained professionals, are generally
considered safe and unlikely to cause severe adverse
reactions.
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